A cikin aikin narkewa ko zafi na karfe, saboda wasu dalilai (kamar abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, gas, zaɓin tsari ko aiki mara kyau, da sauransu).Lalacewar ciki ko a samanbututu maras nauyizai yi matukar tasiri ga ingancin kayan ko samfur, kuma wani lokacin ya kai ga goge kayan ko samfur.
Rashin ƙarfi, kumfa, ragowar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, rarrabuwa, tabo fari, fashe da lahani iri-iri na ɓarna.sanyi zana bututun ƙarfe mara nauyiana iya samuwa ta hanyar duba macroscopic.Akwai hanyoyin duba macro guda biyu: duban leaching acid da duba karaya.Lalacewar macroscopic gama gari da aka bayyana ta hanyar leaching acid an bayyana su a taƙaice a ƙasa:
1. Warewa
Dalilin samuwar: Yayin yin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙarfafawa, wasu abubuwa suna haɗuwa saboda zaɓin crystallization da yaduwa, yana haifar da abubuwan da ba su dace ba.Dangane da matsayi daban-daban na rarrabawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in ingot, rarrabuwa na tsakiya da ma'ana.
Siffofin macroscopic: A kan samfuran leaching acid, lokacin da aka keɓe su cikin kayan lalata ko abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar gas, launi ya fi duhu, sifar ba ta da ka'ida, ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan, ƙasan lebur ne, kuma akwai maki masu yawa na microporous.Idan jimlar juriya ta tara, zai zama mai launin haske, siffa marar tsari, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
2. sako-sako
Dalilin samuwar: A lokacin tsarin ƙarfafawa, ba za a iya yin welded karfe a lokacin aiki mai zafi ba saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abu mai narkewa da kuma sakin gas don ƙirƙirar ɓoyayyen.Dangane da rarraba su, ana iya raba su zuwa kashi biyu: sako-sako na tsakiya da sako-sako.
Siffofin macroscopic: A gefen zafi mai zafi na leaching surface, pores polygons ne marasa daidaituwa da ramuka tare da kunkuntar gindi, yawanci a wurin rabuwa.A lokuta masu tsanani, akwai halin haɗi zuwa siffar spongy.
3. Haɗawa
Dalilin samu:
① Ƙarfe na ƙasashen waje
Dalili: A lokacin aikin zub da ƙarfe, sandunan ƙarfe, tubalan ƙarfe da zanen ƙarfe na faɗuwa cikin ƙirar ingot, ko kuma baƙin ƙarfe da aka saka a ƙarshen matakin narkewa ba ya narke.
Siffofin macroscopic: A kan zanen gado, galibin siffofi na geometric tare da gefuna masu kaifi da bambancin launi daga kewaye.
② Haɗin da ba na ƙarfe ba na waje
Dalili: A lokacin aikin zubar da ruwa, kayan da ke jujjuyawa na rufin tanderun da bangon ciki na tsarin zuba ba su yi iyo ba ko bawo a cikin narkakkar karfe.
Siffofin macroscopic: Ana iya gano manyan abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba cikin sauƙi, yayin da ƙananan abubuwan da aka haɗa suna lalata da kwasfa, suna barin ƙananan ramukan zagaye.
③ Juya fata
Dalilin samuwar: Narkakken karfen yana ƙunshe da fim ɗin da aka warke da ɗan gajeren lokaci a saman ingot na ƙasa.
Siffofin macroscopic: Launin samfurin leaching acid ya bambanta da kewaye, kuma siffar ba daidai ba ce mai lankwasa kunkuntar tube, kuma sau da yawa akwai inclusions oxide da pores a kusa.
4. Tsokaci
Dalilin samuwar: Lokacin jefa ingot ko simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ba za a iya sake cika ruwan da ke cikin tsakiya ba saboda raguwar ƙara yayin daɗaɗɗen ƙarar, kuma kan ingot ko simintin ya zama rami mai ma'ana.
Siffofin macroscopic: Ramin raguwa yana tsakiyar tsakiyar samfurin leached acid, kuma yankin da ke kewaye yawanci ana keɓance, gauraye ko sako-sako.Wani lokaci ana iya ganin ramuka ko tsaga kafin etching, kuma bayan etching, sassan ramukan sun yi duhu kuma suna kama da ramukan da ba a saba ba.
5. Kumfa
Dalilin samuwar: Lalacewar iskar gas da aka haifar da fitowar su yayin simintin ingot.
Fasalolin macroscopic: Samfura mai jujjuyawar tare da tsage-tsage kusan daidai gwargwado zuwa saman tare da ɗan iskar iskar shaka da lalatawa a kusa.Ana kiran kasancewar kumfa mai kumfa da ke ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ana kiran kumfa mai zurfi mai zurfi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.A lokacin aikin ƙirƙira, waɗannan ramukan da ba su da oxidized da waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba sun shimfiɗa cikin bututun bakin ciki tare da keɓantattun ƙananan ramuka a ɓangaren giciye.Sashin giciye yayi kama da rarrabuwa na yau da kullun, amma mafi duhun launi shine kumfa na zuma na ciki.
6. Vitiligo
Dalilin samuwar: Yawancin lokaci ana la'akari da tasirin hydrogen da damuwa na tsari, kuma rarrabuwa da haɗawa a cikin ƙarfe ma suna da wani tasiri, wanda shine nau'i na fashewa.
Fasalolin macroscopic: Short, siraran fasa a kan samfuran ruwan zafi mai jujjuyawa.Akwai farar fata masu haske na ƙwanƙolin azurfa a tsayayyen karaya.
7. Tsage
Dalilin samuwar: axial intergranular crack.Lokacin da tsarin dendritic ya kasance mai tsanani, raguwa zai bayyana tare da babban reshe kuma tsakanin rassan billet mai girma.
Tsage-tsage na ciki: Fashewar ƙirƙira da tsarin jujjuyawa mara kyau.
Siffofin macroscopic: A kan ɓangaren giciye, matsayi na axial yana raguwa tare da intergranular, a cikin siffar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kuma radial fashewa yana faruwa a lokuta masu tsanani.
8. Ninke
Dalilan samuwar: rashin daidaituwar tabo nasanyi-jawo carbon karfe tubeko karfe ingots a lokacin ƙirƙira da mirgina, kaifi gefuna da sasanninta zoba a kanbututun karfe mara sanyi-ja, ko abubuwa masu sifar kunne da aka samu saboda ƙira ko aiki mara kyau, da ci gaba da birgima.superimposed a lokacin samarwa.
Siffofin macroscopic: A kan madaidaicin zafin acid ɗin tsoma samfurin sanyi wanda aka zana bututun ƙarfe maras kyau, akwai tsagewar da ba a taɓa gani ba a saman ƙarfen, kuma akwai ƙaƙƙarfan decarburization a kusa, kuma fasa yakan ƙunshi sikelin oxide.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-02-2022